Tracheostomy

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the neck and into the trachea (windpipe). A tube called a tracheostomy cannula is inserted into the opening to allow the patient to breathe.

When is a tracheostomy performed?

A tracheostomy may be necessary in a variety of situations, including:

• When a patient requires a ventilator (breathing machine),  atracheostomy can provide a more stable and comfortable way to deliver ventilation than a breathing tube inserted through the mouth or nose.
• When there is a narrowing or blockage in the airway,a tracheostomy can bypass the obstruction and allow the patient to breathe.
• When the cough reflex is weak or absent,this can occur in conditions such as stroke or paralysis. A tracheostomy can help  prevent the aspiration of saliva or food into the lungs.
• When the respiratory muscles are weak,this can occur in conditions such as muscular dystrophy. A tracheostomy can help improve ventilation and reduce the work of breathing.
• After head and neck surgery, a tracheostomy may be necessary to help with breathing during the recovery period.
• In patients who have been on a ventilator in the intensive care unit (ICU) for a long time,a tracheostomy can allow these patients to be transferred out of the ICU and to a less restrictive setting.

What are the risks of a tracheostomy?

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with a tracheostomy. These risks include:

• Bleeding
• Narrowing or blockage of the trachea
• Fistula formation (an abnormal connection) between the trachea and esophagus

Can a patient with a tracheostomy eat normally?

A tracheostomy does not interfere with the ability to eat normally. Patients with a tracheostomy who have normal swallowing function can eat by mouth.

Can a patient with a tracheostomy talk?

The voice is produced when air from the lungs passes through the vocal cords. A tracheostomy cannula is placed between the lungs and the vocal cords, so patients with a tracheostomy cannot speak normally. However, there are special tracheostomy cannulas and valves that can be used to allow patients to speak.

Is a tracheostomy temporary or permanent?

The need for a tracheostomy depends on the underlying condition. If a patient is dependent on a ventilator, the tracheostomy may be permanent. If the patient is no longer dependent on the ventilator, the tracheostomy may be able to be closed.

The closure of a tracheostomy is a gradual process that requires close monitoring. It should be performed by a doctor who is specializes in tracheostomy care.